Triglycine, with the CAS number 556-33-2, is a non-chiral tripeptide composed of three glycine molecules linked by peptide bonds, also known as Gly-Gly-Gly or triglycylglycine. Its molecular formula is C₆H₁₂N₃O₄, and its molecular weight is 188.18 g/mol. As an extension of glycylglycine (the simplest dipeptide), it inherits glycine’s excellent biocompatibility and solubility, while its additional peptide bond enhances its structural stability, making it widely used in biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetic industries.
Physically, Triglycine appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder or fine granular solid. It has a melting point of approximately 245-250℃ (decomposition) and is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, stable aqueous solution, while it is slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in non-polar solvents. Due to the absence of chiral carbon atoms in glycine, it is optically inactive. It has low hygroscopicity and remains stable under normal temperature and pressure when stored properly, facilitating easy handling, storage, and transportation.
Chemically, it contains two peptide bonds, three amino groups, and one carboxyl group—key functional groups that define its properties. The peptide bond structure grants it good stability in neutral and weakly acidic environments, but it can be hydrolyzed under strong acid, strong alkali, or high-temperature conditions to release glycine molecules. Its simple, linear structure and high reactivity make it an ideal model compound for studying peptide chemistry, enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, and peptide bond formation reactions.
Its core applications span multiple fields. In biochemistry research, it is widely used as a biochemical reagent, serving as a buffer component (effective in the pH 7.0-8.5 range), a model substrate for peptidease activity assays, and an additive in cell culture media to support cell growth and proliferation. In the pharmaceutical industry, it acts as an intermediate for synthesizing peptide drugs, amino acid-based pharmaceuticals, and nutritional supplements, and also helps adjust the pH of drug formulations for better stability.
In the food industry, it functions as a nutritional additive and mild flavor enhancer, improving the nutritional value and taste of beverages, condiments, and processed foods. In cosmetics, it is added to skin care products to nourish the skin, maintain moisture balance, and enhance skin barrier function. Safety-wise, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), non-toxic and non-irritating under normal handling. It should be stored in a sealed, cool, dry, and dark environment at 2-8℃, away from strong oxidants, moisture, and high temperatures to prevent hydrolysis and degradation. With its versatile applications and excellent properties, it is an indispensable raw material in biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and daily chemical industries.
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