Pidotimod, with the CAS number 121808-62-6, is a synthetic immunomodulatory compound, also known as (R)-3-(((2S)-5-Oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid. Its molecular formula is C₉H₁₂N₂O₄S, and its molecular weight is 244.27 g/mol. Featuring a unique dipeptide-like structure composed of a thiazolidine ring and a pyrrolidinone moiety, it possesses excellent immunomodulatory activity, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity, making it widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical practice, and biochemical research.
Physically, it appears as a white to beige crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. It has a melting point of 194-198℃ (decomposition) and a density of 1.53 g/cm³. It is slightly soluble in warm water (2mg/mL when warmed), slightly soluble in heated methanol and DMSO, and nearly insoluble in non-polar solvents. Optically active, its specific rotation [α]²⁵/D ranges from -135° to -155° (in 6M HCl, c=1). With low hygroscopicity and good stability under normal storage, it is easy to handle, store, and formulate into tablets, capsules, and oral solutions.
Chemically stable under normal temperature and pressure, Pidotimod has a pKa of 3.03 at 25℃. Its core structure enables it to regulate specific and non-specific immune responses without disrupting normal immune function. It is not metabolically transformed in the body and is almost entirely excreted in its original form, ensuring high safety and no accumulation. It is compatible with common pharmaceutical excipients, suitable for clinical formulation.
As a core immunomodulator, it is widely used in clinical medicine and pharmaceutical production to assist in treating immune deficiency-related diseases, such as recurrent respiratory tract, urinary tract, and otorhinolaryngological infections. It enhances macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis, promotes B and T lymphocyte proliferation, and increases cytokine secretion (e.g., interleukin-2, interferon-γ), improving the body’s immune defense.
It also serves as a raw material for developing immunomodulatory drugs in pharmaceutical research and a tool for studying immune regulation mechanisms in biochemical research. Safety-wise, it has low acute toxicity (oral LD₅₀ > 8000 mg/kg in rats) with mild, transient adverse reactions. Store in a sealed, cool, dry, dark environment at 2-8℃, away from moisture and high temperatures to prevent decomposition. With unique immunomodulatory effects and high safety, it is a vital raw material in pharmaceutical and life science fields.
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