Hydantoin, with the CAS number 461-72-3, is a heterocyclic organic compound, also known as Imidazolidine-2,4-dione or Glycolylurea. Its molecular formula is C₃H₄N₂O₂, and its molecular weight is 100.08 g/mol. Featuring a five-membered ring structure containing two nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl groups, it is the parent compound of hydantoin derivatives, with good chemical stability and reactivity, making it widely applied in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial fields.
Physically, Hydantoin appears as a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 218-220℃. It has a density of 1.4±0.1 g/cm³ and is slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in non-polar solvents. It has low hygroscopicity and good stability under normal temperature and pressure when stored properly, with a vapor pressure of 0.00448 mmHg at 25℃, facilitating easy handling, storage, and formulation in various chemical processes.
Chemically, its core five-membered ring structure endows it with unique reactivity. It can act as a weak acid due to the dissociable N-H proton and can participate in hydrogen bonding and metal coordination reactions. As the parent structure of hydantoin derivatives, it can be modified by substituting hydrogen atoms on the ring to obtain compounds with diverse functions. It is stable under normal conditions but can undergo various organic reactions, serving as a key intermediate in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
Its core applications span multiple fields. In organic synthesis, it is a crucial intermediate for preparing hydantoin derivatives, which are widely used in drug development and industrial production. In the pharmaceutical industry, its derivatives (such as phenytoin) are used to synthesize antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic drugs. In cosmetics and daily chemicals, its derivatives act as preservatives to inhibit microbial growth, while in industrial fields, it is used in resin synthesis to improve material heat resistance and stability.
In laboratory research, it is used as a biochemical reagent for studying heterocyclic compound synthesis and reaction mechanisms. Safety-wise, it has low acute toxicity but should be handled with caution to avoid long-term exposure. It should be stored in a sealed, cool, dry, and ventilated environment below 30℃, away from oxidants and moisture to prevent decomposition. With its versatile reactivity and wide application prospects, it is an indispensable raw material in organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial production.
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